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Täisversioon: peatsetele võrrivõidusõitjatele
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Bicycle engines D-5 are familiar to many designers - fans. On their base build various machines: micromotorcycles and motor-ploughs, a microsnowmobile and мотонарты. Frequently readers address to us with questions concerning increase in capacity of bicycle engines. We shall try to tell about the basic receptions of speeding up of motors D-5 and Д-6 (to try to force engine D-4 we do not recommend as it will demand serious additional alterations, replacements of the cylinder, a cranked shaft and of some other details).

To subject modernizations follows new, необкатанный the engine. The most accessible reception of speeding up - increase in a degree of compression (the degree of compression of serial motors D-5 and Д-6 is equal 8). At use of regular цилиндро-piston group to increase a geometrical degree of compression it is more than up to 9 does not follow, as at higher parameters the engine quickly overheats and there is a jamming the piston. For increase in a degree of compression it is necessary to pierce landing places of the cylinder and the head of the cylinder, as shown in figure 1. It will allow to finish a degree of compression up to 8,6 - 9. After installation of the altered head on the engine necessarily measure volume of the chamber of combustion that will allow to modify a degree of compression. For this purpose fix the motor so that the cylinder appeared in vertical position, establish the piston in the top dead point and залейте the chamber of combustion веретенным or motor oil from a syringe or the measured cylinder up to the middle of a groove under a candle.
The degree of compression pays off under the formula: E = (Vn+Ve)/Ve, where Vn - working volume of the cylinder, Ve - volume of the chamber of the combustion, determined by quantity(amount) of oil filled filled in a candle aperture (in кв.см.), Е - a geometrical degree of compression.
Final size of a degree of compression establish by means of linings from отожженной paints of copper or soft aluminium. The head of the cylinder should be ground in in a landing place.
The described way of tuning is the elementary. It(he) gives a gain about(near) 0,11 h.p. The further increase in capacity is reached(achieved) by change of phases of an admission, перепуска and release, manufacturing of some new details, replacement of the carburettor and an exhaust pipe. The diagram of recommended phases газораспределения bicycle motors is resulted in figure 2.
To establish the specified phases it is possible only at thorough alteration of the engine. To undertake this business to the inexperienced person does not follow - the engine will be for certain spoiled. The described way demands good станочного the equipment and high qualification of the executor. The sequence of operations is those. First of all the shirt of the cylinder till internal diameter 45,0 in a degree-0,112 as it is specified in figure 3 is pierced. Thus the factory sleeve of the cylinder leaves. A landing place of a flange of fastening of a shirt on cylindrical оправке. It reaches(achieves) severe perpendicularity of axes of an aperture under a sleeve and planes of a landing place. Blowing-off chamber channels in a shirt of the cylinder should be increased according to the drawing.



The drawing of a new sleeve of the cylinder in figure 4. For its(her) manufacturing antifrictional marks of pig-iron (СЧ40-60, СЧ21-40) will approach. Manufacturing techniques following: turn preparation with an allowance on external and internal diameters on 0,5 - 0,8 mm and mark blowing-off windows, then, having established preparation in special оправку (fig. 5), mill according to the sizes specified on the drawing. To clamp preparation directly in a cartridge(patron) делительной the head of the machine tool it is impossible, for thus deformation of a detail is inevitable. Отфрезерованную a sleeve pierce on a lathe till the nominal sizes, finally process with the help притиров (fig. 6,7), using in the beginning rough, then thin abrasive pastes. Preliminary it is necessary to round all sharp edges перепускных and final windows with the help надфиля or a drill supplied with a grinding stone. Grinding in of a sleeve on external diameter carry out till the size providing sliding landing(planting) (the sleeve should enter into the shirt of the cylinder heated up to 70-80 degrees hardly, but from effort of a hand).
The piston do(make) of an aluminium alloy of mark Scarlet - 26 or АК-4-1, trying precisely to reproduce the sizes of a factory detail. Thus it is more preferable manufacturing by machining (preparation is turned on a lathe with the subsequent milling an internal part).
Further establish a new phase of an admission. Before to start this operation, it is necessary to disassemble the engine. From him(it) remove all details as it is specified in the instruction. The further disassembly - rather responsible(crucial) operation demanding special adaptations. Otherwise incorrigible damages of the basic details are inevitable. Two self-made strippers are necessary for full disassembly: for выпрессовки both installations of a piston finger and universal (fig. 8,9). First remove the piston. For this purpose delete lock rings of a piston finger, heat up the piston up to 60 - 80 degrees, establish the adaptation for выпрессовки a piston finger, as shown in figure 8, and the screw with the help additional оправки (from a soft material) выпрессовывают a piston finger.
Rotating the screw of a universal stripper, as shown in figure 9, выпрессовывают the platen of coupling. Unscrew all screws which are pulling together half картера, preliminary carefully having cleared шлицы. The sting of a screw-driver should be correctly sharpened and correspond(meet) to width шлицев (fig. 10). A universal stripper, as shown in figure 11, выпрессовываюь a cranked shaft from the left half картера. Then establish a stripper on the right half (fig. 12) and выпрессовывают коленвал from it(her). Usually with shaft выпрессовываются and radical bearings, with which it is necessary to replace for to remove(take off) from from pins of a shaft it is possible, only having destroyed separators.

Fig. 1. The drawing проточия the head of the cylinder.
Fig. 2. The diagram of phases газораспределения.
Fig. 3. The modernized shirt of the cylinder.
Fig. 4. A new sleeve of the cylinder.
Fig. 5. Оправка for фрезеровки sleeves of the cylinder: at the left - державка, on the right - a nut.
Fig. 6. External притир for a sleeve of the cylinder: 1 - орпавка (Д16), 2 - a ring притира (pig-iron).
Fig. 7. Internal притир for a sleeve: 1,2 - a nut with a washer, 3 - оправка (item 45), 4 - a holder (pig-iron).
Fig. 8. A stripper for the piston: 1 - the screw (item 45), 2 - a collar with a nut, 3 - оправка.
Fig. 9. Выпрессовка the platen of coupling by a universal stripper: 1 - the screw, 2 - a stripper, 3 - the adjusting screw, 4 - картер.
Fig. 10. Sharpening of a screw-driver.
Fig. 11. Распрессовка half картера.
Fig. 12. Выпрессовка коленвала from the right half картера.
The adaptation for dismantle of bearings is represented in figure 13. Him(it) use as follows: from the bearing delete a separator, move apart balls, enter between holders bearings tips, turn on 90 degrees and in such position законтривают nuts. The screw press the bearing from a pin of a cranked shaft. On it disassembly comes to an end.


However is preliminary recommended to reduce a tightness in landing(planting) bearings, having ground in pins of a cranked shaft and landing(planting). For this purpose use притиры, represented on figure 14. (Before final assembly of the engine do not overlook to wash out carefully all details in kerosene.)
The first stage of assembly - installation in картер radical bearings. Half картера heat up on an electric bar or in an air oven to 70-80 degrees. A degree of heating define(determine) a touch to a detail the match head. The combustible structure should leave a trace, but not be ignited.

The bearing запрессовывают in the heated up half картера with the help оправки, represented in figure 15. Similarly establish the bearing and in other half картера. As pins of a cranked shaft притерты, his(its) installation does not demand special adaptations. Between half картера put a factory lining, коленвал insert into bearings, screw up all screws which are pulling together half картера. Final landing(planting) of pins of a cranked shaft in radical bearings is carried out by a gradual tightening of these screws.


To tighten(delay) screws картера it is necessary in the certain sequence and gradually. The order of an inhaling(a prolongation) is shown in figure 16. Under screws it is necessary to put spring washers.
Further collect coupling. Establish the bearing of the platen of coupling and his(its) sealing ring in the right half картера. At запрессовке the bearing use оправку, represented on figure 15. Insert the platen of coupling in gathering with a spring, persistent nuts and a rod, запрессовывают the left bearing, using a universal stripper and оправку (fig. 17). Put the left sealing ring.
Now the piston is put.


For this purpose it(him) heat up to 70-80 degrees (the control of temperature as it mentioned above), then by means of the adaptation represented in figure 8, запрессовывают a piston finger (см.рис 9), but without оправки. Greased with oil, it(he) should enter into an aperture of the head of a rod from small pressing a hand. A backlash between a finger and lugs of the piston up to 0,005 mm.
The cylinder establish, having put under him(it) a factory lining. Nuts of fastening of the cylinder tighten(delay) on a diagonal. With the help щупа check a backlash between the piston and a sleeve. It(he) is equal 0,05 - 0,07 mm. The bottom edges of blowing-off windows of a sleeve should coincide with the top side of the piston in position НМТ. It achieve installation of linings under the cylinder of various thickness. (At manufacturing linings is recommended to use отожженную red copper or sheet aluminium.) Check absence of a skew of the piston. At measurement of a backlash at the left and to the right of a piston finger щуп should enter between a sleeve and the piston with identical effort. In case of a skew it is necessary to remove(take off) the cylinder and, having established a rod on two support from strong grades of a tree, easy impacts of a hammer from soft metal отрихтовать it(him). Skews reduce capacity of the engine and cause premature deterioration of details.
The further assembly is in detail stated in the factory instruction.


On the motor altered thus we recommend to establish the carburettor with central поплавковой the chamber from boat motor \" Salute \" or from bicycle motor MAW (manufacture of GDR) with a diameter диффузора 11мм. The drawing of an inlet branch pipe for carburettor MAW is resulted in figure 18. It is useful to modernize also the carburettor, having increased diameter of an aperture up to 0,9мм and having established a needle of adjustment of quality mixes (fig. 19). The muffler use from a motorcycle \"Java - 05\".
The altered engine has a degree of compression 12-13. The moped with full loading (a body weight 45кг, the driver 85кг, luggage 15кг, 145кгWink develops all on horizontal sites of highway speed of 55-60 km/h (with a conducted asterisk 46 зубьев, the total transfer attitude(relation) 19, 31:1), that corresponds(meets) 8500 - 9000 rev/min. The machine easily overcomes rises and freely tows the trailer in weight about(near) 100кг.
The forced motor demands some other adjustments in comparison with specified in the factory instruction. At a degree of compression 12,5 - 13 advancing of ignition it is necessary to establish 1,2 - 1,6 mm up to ВМТ and to apply cold enough candles, for example And 6,5 MOUSTACHE. As fuel use gasoline АИ-93, А-95 in a mix with aviation oils МС-20 or МК-22 in the ratio 20:1.


In the conclusion we should warn, that speeding up of motors of a series \"Д\" in the above described way reduces motor potential, demands often adjustments of ignition as details of the factory breaker do not maintain long work at 7000 - 8000 rev/min. To start works on speeding up of motors it is possible, only having sufficient experience in their operation and having made the complete set of the special tool about which it was spoken in our clause(article) for disassembly of the engine by means of a hammer lead to to rather sad consequences.
[Pilt: Jawa_Ultra_Sport.jpg]

[Pilt: Jawa_Super_Sport.jpg]
pedaalidega ?
mis ta on 50 cm3 ?
[Pilt: Jawa.jpg]
Jawa
Vootele,mis Hieroglüüfe sa kasutad?:lol
Mitte mõhkugi ei saa aru.....:duh
üheks lahenduseks oleks pdf faili printimine ja siis edais pdf-ist paberile. PDF print draivereid võrgust tasuta saada küll ja küll.

koozy

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