23-12-2003, 14:23 PM
Bicycle engines D-5 are familiar to many designers - fans. On their base build various machines: micromotorcycles and motor-ploughs, a microsnowmobile and мотонарты. Frequently readers address to us with questions concerning increase in capacity of bicycle engines. We shall try to tell about the basic receptions of speeding up of motors D-5 and Д-6 (to try to force engine D-4 we do not recommend as it will demand serious additional alterations, replacements of the cylinder, a cranked shaft and of some other details).
To subject modernizations follows new, необкатанный the engine. The most accessible reception of speeding up - increase in a degree of compression (the degree of compression of serial motors D-5 and Д-6 is equal 8). At use of regular цилиндро-piston group to increase a geometrical degree of compression it is more than up to 9 does not follow, as at higher parameters the engine quickly overheats and there is a jamming the piston. For increase in a degree of compression it is necessary to pierce landing places of the cylinder and the head of the cylinder, as shown in figure 1. It will allow to finish a degree of compression up to 8,6 - 9. After installation of the altered head on the engine necessarily measure volume of the chamber of combustion that will allow to modify a degree of compression. For this purpose fix the motor so that the cylinder appeared in vertical position, establish the piston in the top dead point and залейте the chamber of combustion веретенным or motor oil from a syringe or the measured cylinder up to the middle of a groove under a candle.
The degree of compression pays off under the formula: E = (Vn+Ve)/Ve, where Vn - working volume of the cylinder, Ve - volume of the chamber of the combustion, determined by quantity(amount) of oil filled filled in a candle aperture (in кв.см.), Е - a geometrical degree of compression.
Final size of a degree of compression establish by means of linings from отожженной paints of copper or soft aluminium. The head of the cylinder should be ground in in a landing place.
The described way of tuning is the elementary. It(he) gives a gain about(near) 0,11 h.p. The further increase in capacity is reached(achieved) by change of phases of an admission, перепуска and release, manufacturing of some new details, replacement of the carburettor and an exhaust pipe. The diagram of recommended phases газораспределения bicycle motors is resulted in figure 2.
To establish the specified phases it is possible only at thorough alteration of the engine. To undertake this business to the inexperienced person does not follow - the engine will be for certain spoiled. The described way demands good станочного the equipment and high qualification of the executor. The sequence of operations is those. First of all the shirt of the cylinder till internal diameter 45,0 in a degree-0,112 as it is specified in figure 3 is pierced. Thus the factory sleeve of the cylinder leaves. A landing place of a flange of fastening of a shirt on cylindrical оправке. It reaches(achieves) severe perpendicularity of axes of an aperture under a sleeve and planes of a landing place. Blowing-off chamber channels in a shirt of the cylinder should be increased according to the drawing.
The drawing of a new sleeve of the cylinder in figure 4. For its(her) manufacturing antifrictional marks of pig-iron (СЧ40-60, СЧ21-40) will approach. Manufacturing techniques following: turn preparation with an allowance on external and internal diameters on 0,5 - 0,8 mm and mark blowing-off windows, then, having established preparation in special оправку (fig. 5), mill according to the sizes specified on the drawing. To clamp preparation directly in a cartridge(patron) делительной the head of the machine tool it is impossible, for thus deformation of a detail is inevitable. Отфрезерованную a sleeve pierce on a lathe till the nominal sizes, finally process with the help притиров (fig. 6,7), using in the beginning rough, then thin abrasive pastes. Preliminary it is necessary to round all sharp edges перепускных and final windows with the help надфиля or a drill supplied with a grinding stone. Grinding in of a sleeve on external diameter carry out till the size providing sliding landing(planting) (the sleeve should enter into the shirt of the cylinder heated up to 70-80 degrees hardly, but from effort of a hand).
The piston do(make) of an aluminium alloy of mark Scarlet - 26 or АК-4-1, trying precisely to reproduce the sizes of a factory detail. Thus it is more preferable manufacturing by machining (preparation is turned on a lathe with the subsequent milling an internal part).
Further establish a new phase of an admission. Before to start this operation, it is necessary to disassemble the engine. From him(it) remove all details as it is specified in the instruction. The further disassembly - rather responsible(crucial) operation demanding special adaptations. Otherwise incorrigible damages of the basic details are inevitable. Two self-made strippers are necessary for full disassembly: for выпрессовки both installations of a piston finger and universal (fig. 8,9). First remove the piston. For this purpose delete lock rings of a piston finger, heat up the piston up to 60 - 80 degrees, establish the adaptation for выпрессовки a piston finger, as shown in figure 8, and the screw with the help additional оправки (from a soft material) выпрессовывают a piston finger.
Rotating the screw of a universal stripper, as shown in figure 9, выпрессовывают the platen of coupling. Unscrew all screws which are pulling together half картера, preliminary carefully having cleared шлицы. The sting of a screw-driver should be correctly sharpened and correspond(meet) to width шлицев (fig. 10). A universal stripper, as shown in figure 11, выпрессовываюь a cranked shaft from the left half картера. Then establish a stripper on the right half (fig. 12) and выпрессовывают коленвал from it(her). Usually with shaft выпрессовываются and radical bearings, with which it is necessary to replace for to remove(take off) from from pins of a shaft it is possible, only having destroyed separators.
Fig. 1. The drawing проточия the head of the cylinder.
Fig. 2. The diagram of phases газораспределения.
Fig. 3. The modernized shirt of the cylinder.
Fig. 4. A new sleeve of the cylinder.
Fig. 5. Оправка for фрезеровки sleeves of the cylinder: at the left - державка, on the right - a nut.
Fig. 6. External притир for a sleeve of the cylinder: 1 - орпавка (Д16), 2 - a ring притира (pig-iron).
Fig. 7. Internal притир for a sleeve: 1,2 - a nut with a washer, 3 - оправка (item 45), 4 - a holder (pig-iron).
Fig. 8. A stripper for the piston: 1 - the screw (item 45), 2 - a collar with a nut, 3 - оправка.
Fig. 9. Выпрессовка the platen of coupling by a universal stripper: 1 - the screw, 2 - a stripper, 3 - the adjusting screw, 4 - картер.
Fig. 10. Sharpening of a screw-driver.
Fig. 11. Распрессовка half картера.
Fig. 12. Выпрессовка коленвала from the right half картера.
To subject modernizations follows new, необкатанный the engine. The most accessible reception of speeding up - increase in a degree of compression (the degree of compression of serial motors D-5 and Д-6 is equal 8). At use of regular цилиндро-piston group to increase a geometrical degree of compression it is more than up to 9 does not follow, as at higher parameters the engine quickly overheats and there is a jamming the piston. For increase in a degree of compression it is necessary to pierce landing places of the cylinder and the head of the cylinder, as shown in figure 1. It will allow to finish a degree of compression up to 8,6 - 9. After installation of the altered head on the engine necessarily measure volume of the chamber of combustion that will allow to modify a degree of compression. For this purpose fix the motor so that the cylinder appeared in vertical position, establish the piston in the top dead point and залейте the chamber of combustion веретенным or motor oil from a syringe or the measured cylinder up to the middle of a groove under a candle.
The degree of compression pays off under the formula: E = (Vn+Ve)/Ve, where Vn - working volume of the cylinder, Ve - volume of the chamber of the combustion, determined by quantity(amount) of oil filled filled in a candle aperture (in кв.см.), Е - a geometrical degree of compression.
Final size of a degree of compression establish by means of linings from отожженной paints of copper or soft aluminium. The head of the cylinder should be ground in in a landing place.
The described way of tuning is the elementary. It(he) gives a gain about(near) 0,11 h.p. The further increase in capacity is reached(achieved) by change of phases of an admission, перепуска and release, manufacturing of some new details, replacement of the carburettor and an exhaust pipe. The diagram of recommended phases газораспределения bicycle motors is resulted in figure 2.
To establish the specified phases it is possible only at thorough alteration of the engine. To undertake this business to the inexperienced person does not follow - the engine will be for certain spoiled. The described way demands good станочного the equipment and high qualification of the executor. The sequence of operations is those. First of all the shirt of the cylinder till internal diameter 45,0 in a degree-0,112 as it is specified in figure 3 is pierced. Thus the factory sleeve of the cylinder leaves. A landing place of a flange of fastening of a shirt on cylindrical оправке. It reaches(achieves) severe perpendicularity of axes of an aperture under a sleeve and planes of a landing place. Blowing-off chamber channels in a shirt of the cylinder should be increased according to the drawing.
The drawing of a new sleeve of the cylinder in figure 4. For its(her) manufacturing antifrictional marks of pig-iron (СЧ40-60, СЧ21-40) will approach. Manufacturing techniques following: turn preparation with an allowance on external and internal diameters on 0,5 - 0,8 mm and mark blowing-off windows, then, having established preparation in special оправку (fig. 5), mill according to the sizes specified on the drawing. To clamp preparation directly in a cartridge(patron) делительной the head of the machine tool it is impossible, for thus deformation of a detail is inevitable. Отфрезерованную a sleeve pierce on a lathe till the nominal sizes, finally process with the help притиров (fig. 6,7), using in the beginning rough, then thin abrasive pastes. Preliminary it is necessary to round all sharp edges перепускных and final windows with the help надфиля or a drill supplied with a grinding stone. Grinding in of a sleeve on external diameter carry out till the size providing sliding landing(planting) (the sleeve should enter into the shirt of the cylinder heated up to 70-80 degrees hardly, but from effort of a hand).
The piston do(make) of an aluminium alloy of mark Scarlet - 26 or АК-4-1, trying precisely to reproduce the sizes of a factory detail. Thus it is more preferable manufacturing by machining (preparation is turned on a lathe with the subsequent milling an internal part).
Further establish a new phase of an admission. Before to start this operation, it is necessary to disassemble the engine. From him(it) remove all details as it is specified in the instruction. The further disassembly - rather responsible(crucial) operation demanding special adaptations. Otherwise incorrigible damages of the basic details are inevitable. Two self-made strippers are necessary for full disassembly: for выпрессовки both installations of a piston finger and universal (fig. 8,9). First remove the piston. For this purpose delete lock rings of a piston finger, heat up the piston up to 60 - 80 degrees, establish the adaptation for выпрессовки a piston finger, as shown in figure 8, and the screw with the help additional оправки (from a soft material) выпрессовывают a piston finger.
Rotating the screw of a universal stripper, as shown in figure 9, выпрессовывают the platen of coupling. Unscrew all screws which are pulling together half картера, preliminary carefully having cleared шлицы. The sting of a screw-driver should be correctly sharpened and correspond(meet) to width шлицев (fig. 10). A universal stripper, as shown in figure 11, выпрессовываюь a cranked shaft from the left half картера. Then establish a stripper on the right half (fig. 12) and выпрессовывают коленвал from it(her). Usually with shaft выпрессовываются and radical bearings, with which it is necessary to replace for to remove(take off) from from pins of a shaft it is possible, only having destroyed separators.
Fig. 1. The drawing проточия the head of the cylinder.
Fig. 2. The diagram of phases газораспределения.
Fig. 3. The modernized shirt of the cylinder.
Fig. 4. A new sleeve of the cylinder.
Fig. 5. Оправка for фрезеровки sleeves of the cylinder: at the left - державка, on the right - a nut.
Fig. 6. External притир for a sleeve of the cylinder: 1 - орпавка (Д16), 2 - a ring притира (pig-iron).
Fig. 7. Internal притир for a sleeve: 1,2 - a nut with a washer, 3 - оправка (item 45), 4 - a holder (pig-iron).
Fig. 8. A stripper for the piston: 1 - the screw (item 45), 2 - a collar with a nut, 3 - оправка.
Fig. 9. Выпрессовка the platen of coupling by a universal stripper: 1 - the screw, 2 - a stripper, 3 - the adjusting screw, 4 - картер.
Fig. 10. Sharpening of a screw-driver.
Fig. 11. Распрессовка half картера.
Fig. 12. Выпрессовка коленвала from the right half картера.